To form the crater shape use a spackle (US) or polyfilla (UK), the latter being actually better as it is cellulose-based and does not shrink or warp while drying. Note that my projects that involve a lot of water-based spackling paste are usually constructed on a plywood base to prevent warping
Cover the whole thing with a PVA glue and sprinkle with fine sand:
Unpainted crater
When it is all dry, shake off excessive sand
Spray it all with a black paint
Drybrush it all with a grey paint
Glue some static grass to the base's rim
Blend the line between grass and sand with some black paint
This topic is the elephant in the room in any cardboard crafting projects. Therefore I updated this classic article with new, detailed pictures to show you how this works in practice and what can you do about the problem »